Dirk Czarnitzki and Andrew A. Toole,
"Patent Protection, Market Uncertainty, and R&D Investment"
The Review of Economics and Statistics
February 2011, Vol. 93, No. 1, Pages 147-159
Posted Online January 21, 2011

The data used in this paper are property of the Centre for European
Economic Research (ZEW), Mannheim (Germany).
Therefore we cannot provide the data for the RESTAT archive.

The data are held at the ZEW Mannheim (www.zew.de), and are
known as "Mannheim Innovation Panel".
Interested researchers can obtain a "public use" file at no cost
from ZEW; contact person as of November 2009:

Dr. Sandra Gottschalk,
ZEW
Dept. of Industrial Economics
L7, 1
68161 Mannheim
Germany

E-Mail: gottschalk@zew.de
Internet: www.zew.de


The public use file is an anonymized and slightly manipulated database.
After signing a data usage contract, the ZEW provides data including
the survey questionnaire and supplemental material for download.

If researchers intend to use the original data, they can make an
appointment at ZEW to access the database in their premises at Mannheim,
Germany.

The authors of this paper archive the data and program code on the
ZEW network, so that interested researchers can access the sample
used for this paper to replicate the regression results, once they
have signed the data usage contract with the ZEW.



DATA DICTIONARY
Variable Name	Definition
lfdnr:		Firm ID
jahr:		Year
j1-j7:		Year dummies
ind1-ind11:	Industry dummies
bges:		employment
fue:		R&D expenditure
msnew:		PASTINNO as defined in the paper
lagpcm:		PASTPCM as defined in the paper
lnfue:		log of R&D expenditure
lnb:		log of employment
limit:		minimum observed positive value of R&D (needed for tobit regressions as censoring point)
hhi_n3:		Herfindahl index (See HHI in paper)
lnhhi:		log of Herfindahl index.
bonitaet:   	credit rating
lnboni:		log of credit rating
ps:		patent stock per 100 employees
cv_new:		uncertainty measure => UNC_NEW as defined in paper
cv_old:     	uncertainty measure => UNC_OLD as defined in paper
cv_ind:     	uncertainty measure => UNC_IND as defined in paper
psint:		UNC_NEW times ps (patent stock as defined above)
lnprefue:  	 presample R&D for entry stock estimation in Table A.1
d:          	dummy variable = 1 if presample R&D = missing; zero otherwise
demp:		delta.US_emp as defined in paper
iv:		Instrumental variable (industry average of UNC_NEW as defined in paper)
psint_br1:  	Interaction of UNC_NEW with ps and MEDIUM tech industries (see paper, Table 5)
psint_br2:  	Interaction of UNC_NEW with ps and LOW	  tech industries (see paper, Table 5)
psint_br3:  	Interaction of UNC_NEW with ps and HIGH   tech industries (see paper, Table 5)
psint_pimp: 	Interaction of UNC_NEW with ps and survey variable CRUCIAL = 1 (see paper, Table 5)
psint_dont: 	Interaction of UNC_NEW with ps and survey variable CRUCIAL = "missing" (see paper, Table 5)
psint_oth:  	Interaction of UNC_NEW with ps and survey variable CRUCIAL = 0 (see paper, Table 5)
rndint:     	R&D intensity (see robustness check, Table A.1)


Software and Hardware:
Analysis was performed using STATA version 9 on a Microsoft XT operating system
The STATA "do file" is called "czarnitzki_toole-STATA_code.do"























Dirk Czarnitzki
dirk.czarnitzki@econ.kuleuven.be

Andrew A. Toole
atoole@ers.usda.gov



